Basic Functions
This chapter introduces basic functions applicable to SQL statements.
Arithmetic functionsâ
| Syntax | Description | Example | Model | Push down | Computed Column |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABS(num) | Returns the absolute value of num | ABS(-2) = 2 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| CEIL(num) | Rounds num up, returning the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to num | CEIL(-2.2) = -2 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| FLOOR(num) | Rounds num down, returning the largest integer that is less than or equal to num | FLOOR(-2.2) = -3 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| MOD(num1, num2) | Returns the remainder (modulus) of num1 divided by num2. The result is negative only if num1 is negative | MOD(-3, 2) = -1 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| SQRT(num) | Returns the square root of num | SQRT(16) = 4.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| CBRT(num) | Returns the cube root of num | CBRT(27.0) = 3.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| HYPOT(num1, num2) | Returns the Euclidean distance of num1 and num2 | HYPOT(3, 4) = 5.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| LN(num) | Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of num | LN(2) = 0.6931471805599453 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| LOG(base, num) | Returns the logarithm of num with base | LOG(10, 100) = 2.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| LOG10(num) | Returns the base 10 logarithm of numeric | LOG10(100) = 2.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| LOG1P(num) | Returns ln(1 + num) | LOG1P(0) = 0.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| LOG2(num) | Returns the logarithm of num with base 2 | LOG2(2) = 1.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| EXP(num) | Returns e raised to the power of num | EXP(1) = 2.718281828459045 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| EXPM1(num) | Returns exp(num) - 1 | EXPM1(0) = 0.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| POWER(num1, num2) | Returns num1 raised to the power of num2 | OWER(5,2) = 25.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| RAND([seed]) | Generates a random double between 0 and 1 inclusive, optionally initializing the random number generator with seed | RAND(15) = 0.45951471073476047 | â | âˇī¸ | â |
| COS(num) | Returns the cosine of num | COS(5) = 0.28366218546322625 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| SIN(num) | Returns the sine of num | SIN(5) = -0.9589242746631385 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| TAN(num) | Returns the tangent of num | TAN(5) = -3.380515006246586 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| COT(num) | Returns the cotangent of num | COT(5) = -0.2958129155327455 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| ACOS(num) | Returns the arc cosine of num | ACOS(0.8) = 0.6435011087932843 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| ASIN(num) | Returns the arc sine of num | ASIN(0.8) = 0.9272952180016123 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| ATAN(num) | Returns the arc tangent of num | ATAN(0.8) = 0.6747409422235527 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| ATAN2(num1, num2) | Returns the arc tangent of the num coordinates | ATAN2(0.2, 0.8) = 0.24497866312686414 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| COSH(num) | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of num | COSH(0) = 1.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| SINH(num) | Returns hyperbolic sine of num | SINH(0) = 0.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| TANH(num) | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of num | TANH(0) = 0.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| DEGREES(num) | Converts num from radians to degrees | DEGREES(5) = 286.4788975654116 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| PI | Returns a value that is closer than any other value to pi | PI = 3.141592653589793 | âˇī¸ | â | â |
| RADIANS(num) | Converts num from degrees to radians | RADIANS(90) = 1.5707963267948966 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| BROUND(num1, int1) | Returns num1 rounded to int1 decimal places using HALF_EVEN rounding mode | BROUND(2.5, 0) = 2.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| ROUND(num1, int1) | Returns num1 rounded to int1 decimal places using HALF_UP rounding mode | ROUND(2.5, 0) = 3 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| RINT(num) | Returns the double value that is closest in value to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer | RINT(12.3456) = 12.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| SIGN(num) | Returns the signum of num | SIGN(-5) = -1.0 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| CONV(num, from_base, to_base) | Convert num from base from_base to base to_base | CONV(-10, 16, -10) = -16 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| CONV(str, from_base, to_base) | Convert str (implicit numeric type) from base from_base to base to_base | CONV('100', 2, 10) = 4 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| TRUNCATE(num1, num2) | Truncates num1 to optionally num2(if not specified 0) places right to the decimal point | TRUNCATE(5.55555,2) = 5.5 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| FACTORIAL(num) | Returns the factorial of num. The num is between 0 and 20. Otherwise, null | FACTORIAL(5) = 120 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
NOTE
If the parameter of the POWER function is a constant conversion, like CAST(2 AS DOUBLE), it may fail to be recommended as computed column.
Character functionsâ
| Syntax | Description | Example | Model | Push Down | Computed Column |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHAR_LENGTH(str) CHARACTER_LENGTH(str) | Returns the number of characters in a character string | CHAR_LENGTH('Kylin') = 5 CHARACTER_LENGTH('Kylin') = 5 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| UPPER(str) | Returns a character string converted to upper case | UPPER('Kylin') = KYLIN | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| LOWER(str) | Returns a character string converted to lower case | LOWER('Kylin') = kylin | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| POSITION(str1 IN str2) | Returns the position of the first occurrence of str1 in str2 | POSITION('Kyli' IN 'Kylin') = 1 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| TRIM( { BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING } str1 FROM str2) | Removes the longest string containing only the characters in str1 from the both ends/start/end of str2 | TRIM(BOTH '1' FROM '1Kylin1') = Kylin TRIM(LEADING '1' FROM '1Kylin1') = Kylin1 TRIM(TRAILING '1' FROM '1Kylin1') = 1Kylin | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| OVERLAY(str1 PLACING str2 FROM integer [ FOR pos ]) | Replaces a substring of str1 with str2 starting at the integer bit pos | OVERLAY('111' placing 'KYLIN' FROM 2 for 2) = 1KYLIN | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| SUBSTRING(str FROM pos) | Returns a substring of a character string str starting at a given position pos | SUBSTRING('Kylin' FROM 5) = n | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| SUBSTRING(str FROM pos FOR len) | Returns a substring of a character string str starting at a given position pos with a given length len | SUBSTRING('KYlin' from 5 for 2) = n | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| INITCAP(str) | Returns str with the first letter of each word converter to upper case and the rest to lower case. Words are sequences of alphanumeric characters separated by non-alphanumeric characters | INITCAP('kylin') = Kylin | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| REPLACE(str, ptn, replacement) | Returns a string in which all the occurrences of ptn in str are replaced with replacement; if replacement is the empty string, the occurrences of ptn are removed | REPLACE('Kylin','Kyli','Kyliiiiiii') = Kyliiiiiiin | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| BASE64(bin) | Converts the argument from a binary bin to a base 64 string | BASE64('Spark SQL') = U3BhcmsgU1FM | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| DECODE(bin, charset) | Decodes the first argument bin using the given charset, charset is one of ['US-ASCII', 'ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', 'UTF-16BE', 'UTF-16LE', 'UTF-16']. If either argument is null, the result will also be null | DECODE(ENCODE('abc', 'utf-8'), 'utf-8') = abc | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| ENCODE(str, charset) | Encodes the first argument str using the given charset, charset is one of ['US-ASCII', 'ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', 'UTF-16BE', 'UTF-16LE', 'UTF-16']. If either argument is null, the result will also be null | ENCODE('abc', 'utf-8') = [B@2b442236 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| FIND_IN_SET(str, str_array) | Returns the index (1-based) of the given string (str) in the comma-delimited list (str_array).Returns 0, if the string was not found or if the given string (str) contains a comma | FIND_IN_SET('ab','abc,b,ab,c,def') = 3 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| LCASE(str) | Returns str with all characters changed to lowercase | LCASE('SparkSql') = sparksql | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| LEVENSHTEIN(str1, str2) | Returns the Levenshtein distance between the two given strings | LEVENSHTEIN('kitten', 'sitting') = 3 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| LOCATE(ptn, str[, pos]) | Returns the position of the first occurrence of ptn in str after position pos. The given pos and return value are 1-based | LOCATE('bar', 'foobarbar') = 4 LOCATE('bar', 'foobarbar', 5) =7 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| LPAD(str, len, pad) | Returns str, left-padded with pad to a length of len.If str is longer than len, the return value is shortened to len characters | LPAD('hi', 5, '??') = ???hi | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| RPAD(str, len, pad) | Returns str, right-padded with pad to a length of len. If str is longer than len, the return value is shortened to len characters | RPAD('hi', 5, '??') = hi??? | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| RTRIM(trimStr, str) | Removes the trailing string which contains the characters from the trim string from the str | RTRIM('KR', 'SPARK') = SPA | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| SENTENCES(str) | Splits str into an array of array of words. | SENTENCES('Hi there! Good morning.') = [["Hi","there"],["Good","morning"]] | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| SUBSTRING_INDEX(str, delim, count) | Returns the substring from str before count occurrences of the delimiter delim. If count is positive, everything to the left of the final delimiter (counting from the left) is returned. If count is negative, everything to the right of the final delimiter (counting from the right) is returned. The function substring_index performs a case-sensitive match when searching for delim | SUBSTRING_INDEX('www.apache.org', '.', 1) = www | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| UCASE(str) | Returns str with all characters changed to uppercase | UCASE('SparkSql') = SPARKSQL | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| UNBASE64(str) | Converts the argument from a base 64 string str to a binary | UNBASE64('U3BhcmsgU1FM') = [B@7c66820d | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| ASCII(str) | Convert character to corresponding ascii code | ASCII('a') = 97 | âˇī¸ | â | âˇī¸ |
| CHR(str) | Convert ascii code to corresponding character | CHR(97) = a | âˇī¸ | â | âˇī¸ |
| SPACE(len) | Generate len number of continuous space | space(2) = âĄâĄ ⥠means one space | âˇī¸ | â | â |
| SPLIT_PART(str, separator, index) | Split str with separator and return the index-th token. index counts from 1. when index is negative, tokens are counted starting from the right | SPLIT_PART('a-b-c', '-', 1) = a SPLIT_PART('a-b-c', '-', -1) = c | âˇī¸ | â | âˇī¸ |
| CONCAT(any[, any]*) | Concatenates multiple data of any type into a string | CONCAT('Kyl', 'in') = Kylin | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| REPEAT(str,n) | Repeat str with n times and return string. When querying the model, str supports passing in constants, columns and expressions, and n only supports passing in constants | REPEAT('kylin',2) = kylinkylin | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| LEFT(str,n) | Return the n characters from the left of str. When querying the model, str supports passing in constants, columns, and n only supports passing in constants | LEFT('kylin',2) = ky | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
Date/time functionsâ
| Syntax | Description | Example | Model | Push Down | Computed Column |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CURRENT_DATE | Returns the current date in the session time zone, in a value of datatype DATE | CURRENT_DATE = 2018-10-10 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | Returns the current timestamp in the session time zone, in a value of datatype timestamp | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP = 2022-07-19 10:24:44.708 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| EXTRACT(timeUnit FROM datetime) | Extracts and returns the value of a specified datetime field from a datetime value expression | EXTRACT(minute FROM timestamp '2018-10-10 11:47:16') = 47 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| FLOOR(datetime TO timeUnit) | Rounds datetime down to timeUnit where timeunit can be one of [year, quarter, month, week, day, hour, minute, second] | FLOOR(timestamp '2018-10-10 11:47:16' TO year) = 2018-01-01 00:00:00 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| CEIL(datetime TO timeUnit) | Rounds datetime up to timeUnit where timeunit can be one of [year, quarter, month, week, day, hour, minute, second] | CEIL(timestamp '2018-10-10 11:47:16' TO minute) = 2018-10-10 11:48:00 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| YEAR(date) | Equivalent to EXTRACT(YEAR FROM date). Returns an integer | YEAR(date '2019-01-02') = 2019 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| QUARTER(date) | Equivalent to EXTRACT(QUARTER FROM date). Returns an integer between 1 and 4 | QUARTER(date '2019-01-02') = 1 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| NOW(date) | Returns the current timestamp at the start of query evaluation | NOW() = 2019-09-24 17:19:09.932 | â | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| MONTH(date) | Equivalent to EXTRACT(MONTH FROM date). Returns an integer between 1 and 12 | MONTH(date '2019-01-02') = 1 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| WEEK(date) | Equivalent to EXTRACT(WEEK FROM date). Returns an integer between 1 and 53 | WEEK(date '2019-01-02') = 1 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| DAYOFYEAR(date) | Equivalent to EXTRACT(DOY FROM date). Returns an integer between 1 and 366 | DAYOFYEAR(date '2019-10-03') = 276 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| DAYOFMONTH(date) | Equivalent to EXTRACT(DAY FROM date). Returns an integer between 1 and 31 | DAYOFMONTH(date '2019-10-03') = 3 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| DAYOFWEEK(date) | Equivalent to EXTRACT(DOW FROM date). Returns an integer between 1 and 7 | DAYOFWEEK(date '2019-10-03') = 5 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| HOUR(date) | Equivalent to EXTRACT(HOUR FROM date). Returns an integer between 0 and 23 | HOUR(timestamp '2019-01-02 14:01:50') = 14 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| MINUTE(date) | Equivalent to EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM date). Returns an integer between 0 and 59 | MINUTE(timestamp '2019-01-02 14:01:50') = 1 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| SECOND(date) | Equivalent to EXTRACT(SECOND FROM date). Returns an integer between 0 and 59 | SECOND(timestamp '2019-01-02 14:01:50') = 50 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| TIMESTAMPADD(timeUnit, integer, datetime) | Returns datetime with an interval of (signed) integer timeUnits added. Equivalent to 'datetime + INTERVAL integer timeUnit' | TIMESTAMPADD(month, 1, '2018-10-10') = 2018-11-10 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| TRUNC(date, fmt) | Returns date with the time portion of the day truncated to the unit specified by the format model fmt. fmt should be one of [year, yyyy, yy, mon, month, mm] | TRUNC(date '2009-02-12', 'MM') = 2009-02-01 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| ADD_MONTHS(start_date, num_months) | Returns the date that is num_months after start_date | ADD_MONTHS(date '2016-08-31', 1) = 2016-09-30 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| DATE_ADD(start_date, num_days) | Returns the date that is num_days after start_date | DATE_ADD(date '2016-07-30', 1) = 2016-07-31 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| DATE_SUB(start_date, num_days) | Returns the date that is num_days before start_date | DATE_SUB(date '2016-07-30', 1) = 2016-07-29 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_time, format) | Returns unix_time in the specified format | FROM_UNIXTIME(0, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') = 1970-01-01 00:00:00 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| FROM_UTC_TIMESTAMP(timestamp, timezone) | Given a timestamp like '2017-07-14 02:40:00.0', interprets it as a time in UTC, and renders that time as a timestamp in the given time zone | FROM_UTC_TIMESTAMP('2016-08-31', 'Asia/Seoul') = 2016-08-31 09:00:00 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| MONTHS_BETWEEN(timestamp1, timestamp2) | If timestamp1 is later than timestamp2, then the result is positive. If timestamp1 and timestamp2 are on the same day of month, or both are the last day of month, time of day will be ignored. Otherwise, the difference is calculated based on 31 days per month | MONTHS_BETWEEN('1997-02-28 10:30:00', '1996-10-30') = 3.94959677 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| TO_UTC_TIMESTAMP(timestamp, timezone) | Given a timestamp like '2017-07-14 02:40:00.0', interprets it as a time in the given time zone, and renders that time as a timestamp in UTC | FROM_UTC_TIMESTAMP(timestamp '2015-03-02 06:05:00', 'America/Toronto') = 2015-03-02 01:05:00.0 | âˇī¸ | â | âˇī¸ |
| UNIX_TIMESTAMP(datetime, fmt) | Returns the seconds from '1970-01-01 08:00:00' to datetime. Please specify the format fmt of datetime | UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2016-04-08 09:00:00', 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') = 1460106000 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| DATEDIFF(endDate, startDate) | Returns the number of days from startDate to endDate | DATEDIFF(date '2022-02-03', date '2022-02-01') = 2 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
Conditional functionsâ
| Syntax | Description | Example | Model | Push Down | Computed Column |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CASE value WHEN value1 THEN result1 WHEN valueN THEN resultN ELSE resultZ END | Simple case | CASE OPS_REGION WHEN 'Beijing' THEN 'BJ' WHEN 'Shanghai' THEN 'SH' WHEN 'Hongkong' THEN 'HK' END FROM KYLIN_SALES = HK SH BJ | ⡠ī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| CASE WHEN condition1 THEN result1 WHEN conditionN THEN resultN ELSE resultZ END | Searched case | CASE WHEN OPS_REGION ='Beijing'THEN 'BJ' WHEN OPS_REGION ='Shanghai' THEN 'SH' WHEN OPS_REGION = 'Hongkong' THEN 'HK' END FROM KYLIN_SALES = HK SH BJ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| NULLIF(value, value) | Return NULL if the values are the same. Otherwise, return the first value | NULLIF(5,5) = null | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| COALESCE(value, value [, value ]*) | Return the first not null value | COALESCE(NULL,NULL,5) = 5 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| IFNULL(value1, value2) | Return value2 if value1 is NULL. Otherwise, return value1 | IFNULL('kylin','apache') = 'kylin' | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| ISNULL(value) | Return true if value is NULL. Otherwise, return false | ISNULL('kylin') = false | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| NVL(value1, value2) | Return value2 if value1 is NULL. Otherwise, return value1. Value1, value2 must have same data type | NVL('kylin','apache') = 'kylin' | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
Miscellaneous functionsâ
| Syntax | Description | Example | Model | Push Down | Computed Column |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UUID() | Returns an universally unique identifier (UUID) string. The value is returned as a canonical UUID 36-character string | UUID() = 46707d92-02f4-4817-8116-a4c3b23e6266 | â | âˇī¸ | â |
| MONOTONICALLY _INCREASING_ID() | Returns monotonically increasing 64-bit integers. The generated ID is guaranteed to be monotonically increasing and unique, but not consecutive | MONOTONICALLY_INCREASING_ID() = 1111111 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| EXPLODE(array) | Returns new rows for each element in the given array column | EXPLODE(array[1, 2, 3]) = 1 2 3 | âˇī¸ | â | â |
| SIZE(expr) | Expr must be of type array or map and return the number of elements contained in array or map | SIZE(array[1, 2, 3]) = 3 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
Type conversion functionsâ
| Syntax | Description | Example | Model | Push Down | Computed Column |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAST(value AS type) | Converts a value to a given type | CAST(CURRENT_DATE as varchar) = 2018-10-10 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ |
| DATE<String> | Converts a string to DATE type, equaling to CAST(string AS date) | DATE '2018-10-10' = 2018-10-10 MONTH(DATE '2018-10-10') = 10 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| TIMESTAMP<String> | Converts a string to TIMESTAMP type, equaling to CAST(string AS timestamp) | TIMESTAMP '2018-10-10 15:57:07 = 2018-10-10 15:57:07 SECOND(TIMESTAMP '2018-10-10 15:57:07') = 7 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
NOTE
- Only the following types of conversions are supported: char, varchar, boolean, int, integer, tinyint, smallint, bigint, float, double, decimal, numeric, date, time, timestamp
- However, conversion from bigint to timestamp is not supported at this time
- If converting from char to int, non-numeric values in char will return null
- Length n does not take effect when other data types are converted to char(n) or varchar(n)
Aggregate functionsâ
| Syntax | Description | Example | Model | Push Down | Computed Column |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AVG(numeric) | Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of numeric across all input values | SELECT AVG(PRICE) FROM KYLIN_SALES; 49.23855638491023 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| SUM(numeric) | Returns the sum of numeric across all input values | SELECT SUM(PRICE) FROM KYLIN_SALES; 244075.5240 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| MAX(value) | Returns the maximum value of value across all input values | SELECT MAX(PRICE) FROM KYLIN_SALES; 99.9865 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| MIN(value) | Returns the minimum value of value across all input values | SELECT MIN(PRICE) FROM KYLIN_SALES; 0.0008 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| COUNT(value) | Returns the number of input rows for which value is not null (wholly not null if value is composite) | SELECT count(PRICE) FROM KYLIN_SALES; 4957 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| COUNT(*) | Returns the number of input rows | SELECT COUNT(*) FROM KYLIN_COUNTRY; 244 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |
| CORR(value1, value2) | Returns the correlation of two columns | SELECT CORR(ITEM_COUNT, PRICE) FROM KYLIN_SALES 0.1278 | âˇī¸ | âˇī¸ | â |